Anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in treating pericarditis. In some cases, steroids may be used.

The development of dyspnea may be a sign that the build-up of fluid around the heart has become severe and a periocardiocentesis is necessary. This involves the draining of the fluid by inserting a hollow tube through the chest wall and into the pericardial space to drain the fluid.